What can high temperature and pressure transform sedimentary rocks into?

High temperatures and pressures play a crucial role in the rock cycle, particularly in the transformation of sedimentary rocks. When sedimentary rocks are subjected to significant heat and pressure, typically associated with geological processes such as tectonic activity, they undergo a metamorphic process. This results in changes to their mineral structure, texture, and overall composition, ultimately creating metamorphic rocks.

For instance, limestone, a sedimentary rock, can transform into marble under these conditions, while shale can become slate. The transformation occurs without melting the rock, distinguishing metamorphic processes from igneous processes, where rocks typically form from molten material.

Understanding this transformation is key in geology and helps explain the dynamic nature of the Earth's crust, illustrating how different types of rocks can evolve from one form to another through natural processes.