What term describes the process in which a student struggles to accommodate new information that conflicts with their previous beliefs?

The correct term for the process in which a student struggles to accommodate new information that conflicts with their previous beliefs is cognitive dissonance. This psychological concept refers to the mental discomfort or tension experienced when an individual holds contradictory beliefs, values, or attitudes, particularly when new information challenges those existing beliefs.

In this scenario, when a student encounters new information that does not align with what they already understand, it leads to a state of confusion or discomfort, prompting them to reconcile those conflicting ideas. This can result in changes to their beliefs or attitudes as they work towards a more coherent understanding.

While metacognitive processes involve thinking about one's own thinking and often help in strategies for learning and self-regulation, they do not specifically address the conflict between new information and existing beliefs. Schema activation pertains to the way in which existing knowledge structures (schemas) are triggered to interpret new information, while critical thinking involves the analysis and evaluation of information rather than the emotional or cognitive struggle associated with dissonance. Thus, cognitive dissonance distinctly captures the essence of the struggle to integrate conflicting new information with prior beliefs.