Which author is associated with the principle of checks and balances in government?

The principle of checks and balances in government is closely associated with James Madison, often referred to as the "Father of the Constitution." Madison played a critical role in the drafting of the United States Constitution and was a strong advocate for the inclusion of checks and balances within the government structure. He believed that dividing power among different branches of government—namely, the legislative, executive, and judicial branches—would prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful and ensure a system of governance that protected individual liberties.

Madison's influence is particularly evident in Federalist No. 51, where he articulates the importance of this principle to maintain a balance of power and to safeguard against tyranny. This key idea has become foundational in American government, establishing a framework that allows each branch to monitor and limit the functions of the others, thereby promoting accountability and the rule of law.